Inverter air conditioner compressors and variable speed system the state of technology _ automated paper
Summary This article describes three common refrigeration compressor with variable frequency and technology development status, and from the inverter, micro-controller, PWM wave generation method and the frequency used by the compressor motor, etc. 4 in terms of frequency control system is discussed. Keywords speed compressor technology frequency control system status 1 Introduction The traditional refrigeration system adoption of fixed speed compressor, so people on the refrigeration system and compressor research focus has been in nominal condition and the rated speed and efficiency of steady work on other operating characteristics. The traditional use of fixed speed compressor refrigeration system, the implementation of switch control, use compressor with a squirrel-cage motor-driven compressor, which regulate the evaporation temperature. This control method to the evaporation temperature fluctuations, and easily affected by cooling the temperature of the environment. In the course of the compressor motor to overcome to keep the rotor from rest to rated speed of change in the course of the enormous inertia, especially with a load starts, start higher torque to run the moment many times, which not only the additional cost to energy and increase compressor moving parts will wear. Also this operation mode during the startup process will produce a large vibration, noise and the impact of current, caused by power supply voltage fluctuations, variable speed compressor should be replaced with constant speed compressors to avoid such frequent start and stop the process. And frequency control technology mainly consists of the following four areas of key technology components: inverter, micro-controller, PWM wave generation and frequency compressor motor selection. 2 study of three state inverter compressor for inverter compressor the study is started from the reciprocating piston machine, but because of the characteristics of its reciprocating motion, affecting frequency Characteristics of play; to go to rolling piston compressor, scroll compressor rotary compressor up, greatly improved performance of the compressor. Overall, experimental studies most likely due to less theoretical analysis. 2.1 reciprocating compressors in 1980, Toshiba developed the reciprocating compressor frequency, again in 1981, developed the rotor speed compressor, the literature [ ,1] gives the two machine total cooling capacity and efficiency of the experimental data with the frequency change can be seen from reciprocating at a frequency of 25 ~ 75Hz, the efficiency is high; the rotor when in the 30 ~ 90Hz, high efficiency. And the existence of two models are the most efficient frequency. The efficiency of this frequency in a large decrease slowly, less than this frequency, the efficiency decreased rapidly. In addition, Scalabrin measuring a variable speed of open-type reciprocating compressor at different speeds of the cooling capacity and input power, he pointed out that the compressor volumetric efficiency is highest at the speed 1000rpm, while the isentropic efficiency and the cooling coefficient with speed reduced the increased [2]. Krueger discussed the BPM motor and inverter design rotational speed in the 2000 ~ 5000rpm on the refrigerator and reciprocating compressors were studied to obtain the compressor speed 3000 ~ 5000rpm when the cooling coefficient of the highest; the [3] gave out of its performance of reciprocating compressor refrigerator test and simulation results, in his study of the speed range of 2000 ~ 4000rpm, refrigeration coefficient with speed increases. Another scholar of the reciprocating compressor frequency simulation of thermodynamic properties were calculated for each part of the compressor of heat and pressure loss. 2.2 rotary compressor in 1984, Japan's Toshiba Sakurai and Purdue University, Hamilton set up a simple rolling piston compressor friction loss model [ ,4], and select different refrigerant boundary friction coefficient and solubility in oil was calculated under different speeds of friction power. The result compared with the experimental data, large deviations. [5] in 1983 described the Hitachi compressor rotor frequency mass-produced materials in the structure and improvements. [6] studied the single cylinder and double cylinder compressor rotor speed fluctuation, discussed the current frequency is reduced, the compressor causes performance degradation. [7], produced by low-density and aluminum sliding vane and rotor to reduce the high-speed sliding sleep when Joseph contact force between the rotor and rotor bearing load. [8] a simple analysis of the appropriate quality and lower vane thickness can improve the conversion efficiency of the compressor rotor and the given cylinder, rotor and slip the temperature and stress distribution in finite element analysis results. Liu and Soedel of the inverter compressor rotor suction and exhaust flow fluctuation [9,10] and the heat transfer between suction and compressor cylinder temperature distribution [11], discussed the impact of volumetric efficiency and compressor rotor frequency Cylinder compression efficiency factor, given that they used computer simulations to calculate the volume under different speed efficiency and compression efficiency, from the experimental data and the literature [1] experiments can be seen that the calculation of volumetric efficiency with the speed The increases rapidly increasing. 2.3 Scroll Compressor Scroll Compressor principle as early as 1886, the Italian patent literature [12] addressed to, and in 1905 the French engineer formal vortex Creux principle and structure of rotary compressor, and U.S. patent [13]. Scroll compressor is a new volume compressor, with a compact, high efficiency, reliability, low noise, especially for inverter control operation. However, the absence of NC technology and lack of proper axial force balance solution, and therefore unable to complete the XXXXXXXXX use of long-term. Into the 70's, the company completed the U.S. ADL fruitful research, first of all solve the scroll tip wear compensation plate sealing technology. And on this basis, and Switzerland to develop a variety of industrial quality scroll compressor prototype. The true size of scroll compressor production began in Japan. Three 1981 Japan (SANDEN) company began production for automotive air conditioning scroll compressor, 1983, Hitachi began production of 2 ~ 5Hp for room air conditioning scroll compressor. In addition, in the United States, the company in 1987 from Copeland scroll compressor production line set up to launch its product, Carrier, Trane, Tecumseh and other companies were also set up factories to produce high quality scroll compressor. The inverter scroll compressor has been used in cabinet air conditioner, the energy saving effect is obvious, coefficient increased by 20% or so, become a research focus of scroll compressor. 3 frequency conversion technology development and current situation frequency conversion technology to adapt to energy saving and comfort requirements and has been applied to a new generation of air conditioners on In the early 90s to enter the domestic air conditioner market, the core is: inverter, micro-controller, PWM wave generation and frequency compressor motor. 3.1 inverter air conditioner inverter is the core component of inverter,INSANITY Workout, the main circuit of AC - DC - AC voltage mode. AC - DC occurs in a single-phase diode rectifier is not controlled directly, DC - AC occurs in three-phase inverter with six, while an auxiliary power supply, an inverter controller and the corresponding drive circuit. Early converter using discrete components, the single-phase double voltage rectifier circuit, inverter power from the six discrete transistor (GTR) form. This circuit complexity, poor reliability. At present, most manufacturers use the inverter bridge from the six insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBT), whose combination of MOSFET and GTR advantages of high switching frequency, drive power small. With Intelligent Power Module (IPM) technology applications, IPM is being gradually replaced by ordinary IGBT modules. As the IPM IGBT inside the shed XXXX very driven and protection logic, and over current, over (to) pressure, short circuit and over-temperature detection and protection circuit, improved inverter reliability and maintainability. In addition, IPM IGBT module size comparable with the general, prices are close, it is widely used at present. More successful products, such as: Japan Mitsubishi Electric Corporation and Japan-based production PM20CSJ060 Shindengen company's TM series of IPM module. Power Factor Correction (PFC) link and integrate the next generation of inverter air conditioner inverter technology. PFC technology not only greatly improve the power of the working environment and reduce transmission line loss, but also in the conversion work can reduce the input inductor and output capacitors, reducing the module size. Therefore, links and PFC integrated inverter IPM integration is the inevitable development of household air conditioners. 3.2 microcontroller development of semiconductor technology to the realization of frequency conversion means a radical change control technology from the early development of digital control of analog technology. Currently some foreign multinational microcontroller products occupy the major markets, such as: Motorola Inc. MC68HC08MP16, Intel Corporation 80C196MC, such as Mitsubishi's M37705. High cost performance of these products, powerful, such as with the A / D converter, PWM waveform generator, LED / LCD driver, etc., and generally OTP products, and low power consumption in the long term stability. Microcontroller is composed of MCU to the DSP (signal processor) transition. Comparison of the current range of TI's TMS320C240 an example, with: 50Ns instruction cycle, 544 words of RAM, 16K of EEPROM, 12 个 PWM channels, three 16-bit counter, two 10-bit A / D conversion, WATCHDOG, serial communication port, a serial peripheral interface, with DSP, allows the control circuit simple and powerful control functions. 3.3 PWM wave generation in Household Air Conditioner, most of domestic manufacturers to adopt the conventional SPWM method, in a foreign country, in some manufacturers to adopt the magnetic flux generated tracking type SPWM method, the method to a different switch models in the motor magnetic flux generated in the Shiji to approximate stator flux given Gui Ji Ji - Li Xiang flux Yuan, that is, Space Vector method of the inverter state decision, to form a PWM waveform, the method of high voltage utilization, low frequency harmonic torque is small, wide frequency range, stable operation with good control performance. Control of the recent PAM (Pulse Amplitude Modulation) is not rectified by the carrier frequency, and direct changes in voltage, reducing the energy consumption required for rectification to improve the inverter efficiency,INSANITY Workout, to meet the energy saving and reduce the high harmonic wave of demands to increase heating capacity. 3.4 inverter compressor motor variable speed compressor motor is divided into induction motors and brushless DC motors are two. Currently some of the large compressor manufacturers such as: Wanbao, Panasonic, Shanghai Hitachi, Toshiba Macro, etc. have the ability to produce variable speed compressor (including the exchange of machine and DC machines), motors, low cost, simple manufacturing process, but energy less effective. Brushless DC motor drag itself from the brushless motor, the rotor position sensor and electronics for the switch. Rotor pole for the magnet, the armature winding commutation with PCA, the stator and rotor pole synchronous rotating magnetic field rotation, usually by the rotor magnetic field oriented stator current vector control, XXXX the good general DC motor speed performance and start-up performance , and from a fundamental change to eliminate the spark, the drawbacks of radio interference, have long life, high reliability and low noise, and easy control. In 1998 Mitsubishi Electric has developed the application in energy efficient air conditioning compressors brushless DC motor, for example, it has: the rotor V fonts installed eight permanent magnets. Magnet is embedded, the rotor will not result in the stainless steel XXXXl which produce eddy current loss; adopted a new compressor motor drive mode, the efficiency of the brushless motor than the average high, but the higher the price the compressor motor. Switched reluctance motor (SRM) is the new 80 speed transmission, by the reluctance motor and controller, and a new generation of mechatronic products. The motor structure is very simple, but much more than ordinary reluctance motor rotor position detection device (usually Optical Inspection), compare the overall flow of induction motor is simple, rugged and cheap, but also because the winding current is a DC pulse, only rectifier, no inverter, the control circuit is simple. The current theory of the SRM is still not perfect, low speed, torque some ripple, noise and vibration larger steady-state accuracy of speed not higher, to be further research to resolve. <DIV Class=\
相关的主题文章：
To WTO
Current income tax system in the economic double taxation of tax papers _2767 _
WTO Agreement on Agriculture in the inequality of economic papers _3298 _
Summary This article describes three common refrigeration compressor with variable frequency and technology development status, and from the inverter, micro-controller, PWM wave generation method and the frequency used by the compressor motor, etc. 4 in terms of frequency control system is discussed. Keywords speed compressor technology frequency control system status 1 Introduction The traditional refrigeration system adoption of fixed speed compressor, so people on the refrigeration system and compressor research focus has been in nominal condition and the rated speed and efficiency of steady work on other operating characteristics. The traditional use of fixed speed compressor refrigeration system, the implementation of switch control, use compressor with a squirrel-cage motor-driven compressor, which regulate the evaporation temperature. This control method to the evaporation temperature fluctuations, and easily affected by cooling the temperature of the environment. In the course of the compressor motor to overcome to keep the rotor from rest to rated speed of change in the course of the enormous inertia, especially with a load starts, start higher torque to run the moment many times, which not only the additional cost to energy and increase compressor moving parts will wear. Also this operation mode during the startup process will produce a large vibration, noise and the impact of current, caused by power supply voltage fluctuations, variable speed compressor should be replaced with constant speed compressors to avoid such frequent start and stop the process. And frequency control technology mainly consists of the following four areas of key technology components: inverter, micro-controller, PWM wave generation and frequency compressor motor selection. 2 study of three state inverter compressor for inverter compressor the study is started from the reciprocating piston machine, but because of the characteristics of its reciprocating motion, affecting frequency Characteristics of play; to go to rolling piston compressor, scroll compressor rotary compressor up, greatly improved performance of the compressor. Overall, experimental studies most likely due to less theoretical analysis. 2.1 reciprocating compressors in 1980, Toshiba developed the reciprocating compressor frequency, again in 1981, developed the rotor speed compressor, the literature [ ,1] gives the two machine total cooling capacity and efficiency of the experimental data with the frequency change can be seen from reciprocating at a frequency of 25 ~ 75Hz, the efficiency is high; the rotor when in the 30 ~ 90Hz, high efficiency. And the existence of two models are the most efficient frequency. The efficiency of this frequency in a large decrease slowly, less than this frequency, the efficiency decreased rapidly. In addition, Scalabrin measuring a variable speed of open-type reciprocating compressor at different speeds of the cooling capacity and input power, he pointed out that the compressor volumetric efficiency is highest at the speed 1000rpm, while the isentropic efficiency and the cooling coefficient with speed reduced the increased [2]. Krueger discussed the BPM motor and inverter design rotational speed in the 2000 ~ 5000rpm on the refrigerator and reciprocating compressors were studied to obtain the compressor speed 3000 ~ 5000rpm when the cooling coefficient of the highest; the [3] gave out of its performance of reciprocating compressor refrigerator test and simulation results, in his study of the speed range of 2000 ~ 4000rpm, refrigeration coefficient with speed increases. Another scholar of the reciprocating compressor frequency simulation of thermodynamic properties were calculated for each part of the compressor of heat and pressure loss. 2.2 rotary compressor in 1984, Japan's Toshiba Sakurai and Purdue University, Hamilton set up a simple rolling piston compressor friction loss model [ ,4], and select different refrigerant boundary friction coefficient and solubility in oil was calculated under different speeds of friction power. The result compared with the experimental data, large deviations. [5] in 1983 described the Hitachi compressor rotor frequency mass-produced materials in the structure and improvements. [6] studied the single cylinder and double cylinder compressor rotor speed fluctuation, discussed the current frequency is reduced, the compressor causes performance degradation. [7], produced by low-density and aluminum sliding vane and rotor to reduce the high-speed sliding sleep when Joseph contact force between the rotor and rotor bearing load. [8] a simple analysis of the appropriate quality and lower vane thickness can improve the conversion efficiency of the compressor rotor and the given cylinder, rotor and slip the temperature and stress distribution in finite element analysis results. Liu and Soedel of the inverter compressor rotor suction and exhaust flow fluctuation [9,10] and the heat transfer between suction and compressor cylinder temperature distribution [11], discussed the impact of volumetric efficiency and compressor rotor frequency Cylinder compression efficiency factor, given that they used computer simulations to calculate the volume under different speed efficiency and compression efficiency, from the experimental data and the literature [1] experiments can be seen that the calculation of volumetric efficiency with the speed The increases rapidly increasing. 2.3 Scroll Compressor Scroll Compressor principle as early as 1886, the Italian patent literature [12] addressed to, and in 1905 the French engineer formal vortex Creux principle and structure of rotary compressor, and U.S. patent [13]. Scroll compressor is a new volume compressor, with a compact, high efficiency, reliability, low noise, especially for inverter control operation. However, the absence of NC technology and lack of proper axial force balance solution, and therefore unable to complete the XXXXXXXXX use of long-term. Into the 70's, the company completed the U.S. ADL fruitful research, first of all solve the scroll tip wear compensation plate sealing technology. And on this basis, and Switzerland to develop a variety of industrial quality scroll compressor prototype. The true size of scroll compressor production began in Japan. Three 1981 Japan (SANDEN) company began production for automotive air conditioning scroll compressor, 1983, Hitachi began production of 2 ~ 5Hp for room air conditioning scroll compressor. In addition, in the United States, the company in 1987 from Copeland scroll compressor production line set up to launch its product, Carrier, Trane, Tecumseh and other companies were also set up factories to produce high quality scroll compressor. The inverter scroll compressor has been used in cabinet air conditioner, the energy saving effect is obvious, coefficient increased by 20% or so, become a research focus of scroll compressor. 3 frequency conversion technology development and current situation frequency conversion technology to adapt to energy saving and comfort requirements and has been applied to a new generation of air conditioners on In the early 90s to enter the domestic air conditioner market, the core is: inverter, micro-controller, PWM wave generation and frequency compressor motor. 3.1 inverter air conditioner inverter is the core component of inverter,INSANITY Workout, the main circuit of AC - DC - AC voltage mode. AC - DC occurs in a single-phase diode rectifier is not controlled directly, DC - AC occurs in three-phase inverter with six, while an auxiliary power supply, an inverter controller and the corresponding drive circuit. Early converter using discrete components, the single-phase double voltage rectifier circuit, inverter power from the six discrete transistor (GTR) form. This circuit complexity, poor reliability. At present, most manufacturers use the inverter bridge from the six insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBT), whose combination of MOSFET and GTR advantages of high switching frequency, drive power small. With Intelligent Power Module (IPM) technology applications, IPM is being gradually replaced by ordinary IGBT modules. As the IPM IGBT inside the shed XXXX very driven and protection logic, and over current, over (to) pressure, short circuit and over-temperature detection and protection circuit, improved inverter reliability and maintainability. In addition, IPM IGBT module size comparable with the general, prices are close, it is widely used at present. More successful products, such as: Japan Mitsubishi Electric Corporation and Japan-based production PM20CSJ060 Shindengen company's TM series of IPM module. Power Factor Correction (PFC) link and integrate the next generation of inverter air conditioner inverter technology. PFC technology not only greatly improve the power of the working environment and reduce transmission line loss, but also in the conversion work can reduce the input inductor and output capacitors, reducing the module size. Therefore, links and PFC integrated inverter IPM integration is the inevitable development of household air conditioners. 3.2 microcontroller development of semiconductor technology to the realization of frequency conversion means a radical change control technology from the early development of digital control of analog technology. Currently some foreign multinational microcontroller products occupy the major markets, such as: Motorola Inc. MC68HC08MP16, Intel Corporation 80C196MC, such as Mitsubishi's M37705. High cost performance of these products, powerful, such as with the A / D converter, PWM waveform generator, LED / LCD driver, etc., and generally OTP products, and low power consumption in the long term stability. Microcontroller is composed of MCU to the DSP (signal processor) transition. Comparison of the current range of TI's TMS320C240 an example, with: 50Ns instruction cycle, 544 words of RAM, 16K of EEPROM, 12 个 PWM channels, three 16-bit counter, two 10-bit A / D conversion, WATCHDOG, serial communication port, a serial peripheral interface, with DSP, allows the control circuit simple and powerful control functions. 3.3 PWM wave generation in Household Air Conditioner, most of domestic manufacturers to adopt the conventional SPWM method, in a foreign country, in some manufacturers to adopt the magnetic flux generated tracking type SPWM method, the method to a different switch models in the motor magnetic flux generated in the Shiji to approximate stator flux given Gui Ji Ji - Li Xiang flux Yuan, that is, Space Vector method of the inverter state decision, to form a PWM waveform, the method of high voltage utilization, low frequency harmonic torque is small, wide frequency range, stable operation with good control performance. Control of the recent PAM (Pulse Amplitude Modulation) is not rectified by the carrier frequency, and direct changes in voltage, reducing the energy consumption required for rectification to improve the inverter efficiency,INSANITY Workout, to meet the energy saving and reduce the high harmonic wave of demands to increase heating capacity. 3.4 inverter compressor motor variable speed compressor motor is divided into induction motors and brushless DC motors are two. Currently some of the large compressor manufacturers such as: Wanbao, Panasonic, Shanghai Hitachi, Toshiba Macro, etc. have the ability to produce variable speed compressor (including the exchange of machine and DC machines), motors, low cost, simple manufacturing process, but energy less effective. Brushless DC motor drag itself from the brushless motor, the rotor position sensor and electronics for the switch. Rotor pole for the magnet, the armature winding commutation with PCA, the stator and rotor pole synchronous rotating magnetic field rotation, usually by the rotor magnetic field oriented stator current vector control, XXXX the good general DC motor speed performance and start-up performance , and from a fundamental change to eliminate the spark, the drawbacks of radio interference, have long life, high reliability and low noise, and easy control. In 1998 Mitsubishi Electric has developed the application in energy efficient air conditioning compressors brushless DC motor, for example, it has: the rotor V fonts installed eight permanent magnets. Magnet is embedded, the rotor will not result in the stainless steel XXXXl which produce eddy current loss; adopted a new compressor motor drive mode, the efficiency of the brushless motor than the average high, but the higher the price the compressor motor. Switched reluctance motor (SRM) is the new 80 speed transmission, by the reluctance motor and controller, and a new generation of mechatronic products. The motor structure is very simple, but much more than ordinary reluctance motor rotor position detection device (usually Optical Inspection), compare the overall flow of induction motor is simple, rugged and cheap, but also because the winding current is a DC pulse, only rectifier, no inverter, the control circuit is simple. The current theory of the SRM is still not perfect, low speed, torque some ripple, noise and vibration larger steady-state accuracy of speed not higher, to be further research to resolve. <DIV Class=\
相关的主题文章：
To WTO
Current income tax system in the economic double taxation of tax papers _2767 _
WTO Agreement on Agriculture in the inequality of economic papers _3298 _