Unit : 2 loud and unusual
alligator /ˈælɪɡeɪtə(r) noun a large animal with a long body and sharp teeth that lives in the lakes and rivers of the southern United States and China. An alligator is similar to a crocodile.
تِمساح أمريكي
vulture /ˈvʌltʃə(r noun a large bird that has no feathers on its head or neck and that eats the flesh of dead animals
نَسْر
hyena (also hyaena) /haɪˈiːnə noun a wild animal like a dog that lives in Africa and Asia. Hyenas eat the meat of animals that are already dead and can make a sound like a human laugh.
ضبع
prey /preɪ noun
an animal or bird that is killed and eaten by another animal or bird
Antelope and zebra are prey for lions.
The eagle is a bird of prey (= it kills and eats other birds or small animals).
فريسة؛ضحيّة
prey verb
prey on sb's mind to cause sb to worry or think about sth
The thought that he was responsible for the accident preyed on the train driver's mind.
يعذّب ضميره،يقضّ مضجعه
prey on sth (used about an animal or bird) to kill and eat other animals or birds
Cats prey on rats and mice.
يفترس
howl /haʊl noun a long loud cry made by a dog or a wolf: (figurative)
The Prime Minister's statement met with howls of protest.
نُباح ،عُواء ؛صِياح
howl verb to make a howl or say sth with a howl
The wind howled around the house.
يعوي ؛يصيح ؛يُوَلوِل
intimidate /ɪnˈtɪmɪdeɪt verb
intimidate sb (into sth/doing sth) to frighten sb (often in order to make him/her do sth)
يُرهِب ،يُكرِه شخصاً على عمل ما
intimidating adj frightening (because of size or difficulty)
مُرهِب
intimidation /ɪnˌtɪmɪˈdeɪʃn noun
The rebel troops controlled the area by intimidation.
إرهاب ،تخويف ؛تهديد
roar /rɔː(r) noun a loud, deep sound like that made by a lion
the roar of heavy traffic on the motorway
roars of laughter
زئير ؛دويّ ،هدير
roar verb
1 to make a loud, deep sound
The river roared past, taking trees and rocks with it.
She roared with laughter at the XXXX.
يهدر ؛يقهقه
2 to shout very loudly
يصرخ
3 to make the sound that is typical of a lion
The lion opened its huge mouth and roared.
يزأر ؛يزمجِر
4 roar sth (out) to express sth very loudly
The audience roared its approval.
يَصيح
roar along, down, past, etc. to move in the direction mentioned, making a loud, deep sound
A motorbike roared past us.
ينطلق مزمجراً
roaring /ˈrɔːrɪŋ adj
1 making a very loud noise
the roaring waves
هادر ،مدوٍّ
2 (used about a fire) burning very well
متأجِّج
procedure /prəˈsiːdʒə(r) noun the action that you must take in order to do sth in the usual or correct way
What's the procedure for making a complaint?
إجراء
threat /θret noun
1 a warning that sb may hurt, kill or punish you if you do not do what he/she wants
Under threat of death he did as they asked.
to make threats against sb
to carry out a threat
تهديد
2 [C, usually sing.] a person or thing that may damage sth or hurt sb; something that indicates future danger
a threat to national security
مُهدِّد؛نذير
A Trumpet and a Bugle (noun ) are XXXX musical instruments .
بوق , لكنها تعني ايضا :صرخة مدوية ؛ أعلن بصوت عال
Peafowl
فرخ الطاؤوس
Peahen
طاووسة أنثى الطاووس
peacock /ˈpiːkɒk noun
a large bird with beautiful long blue and green tail feathers that it can lift up and spread out like a fan
طاووس
giant /ˈdʒaɪənt noun
1 (in children's stories) a person of human shape but enormous size and strength
عِملاق
2 something that is very large
the multinational oil giants (= very large companies)
عملاق
giant adj extremely large; enormous
a giant new shopping centre
كبير جداً
guinea fowl a bird, especially a hen that is kept on a farm
دجاج مزركش
pheasant /ˈfeznt noun
(pl. pheasants or pheasant)
a type of bird with a long tail. The males have brightly coloured feathers. Pheasants are often shot for sport and are eaten as food.
تَدْرُج , طائر الذيال
constant /ˈkɒnstənt adj
1 happening or existing all the time or again and again
The constant noise gave me a headache.
Don't lock this door. It's in constant use.
دائم ،مستمرّ
2 that does not change
You use less petrol if you drive at a constant speed.
ثابت
constantly adv always; again and again
The situation is constantly changing.
باستمرار
slight /slaɪt adj
1 very small; not important or serious
I've got a slight problem, but it's nothing to get worried about.
a slight change, difference, increase, improvement, etc.
طفيف ،صغير ؛تافه
2 (used about a person's body) thin and delicate
his slight figure
نحيف ،رقيق البنية
not in the slightest not at all
‘Are you angry with me?’ ‘Not in the slightest.’
لا، أبداً!
slightly adv a little
I'm slightly older than her.
قليلاً ،بقليل
creature /ˈkriːtʃə(r) noun a living thing such as an animal, a bird, a fish or an insect, but not a plant
a living creature
a small black furry creature
مخلوق
roost /ruːst noun a place where birds rest or sleep
مجثَم أو مكان مَبيت الطائر
Court (1) /kɔːt noun
1 a place where trials take place in front of a judge or a jury, to decide whether a person has broken the law
a magistrate's court
A man has been charged and will appear in court tomorrow.
محكمة
Court (2) /kɔːt verb
(old-fashioned) (used about two people) to spend time together in a relationship that may lead to marriage
There were a lot of courting couples in the park.
يتودّد إلى ،يغازل
courtship /ˈkɔːtʃɪp noun
(old-fashioned) the period or situation of having a relationship that leads or may lead to marriage
They got married after a brief courtship.
فترة خطوبة أو تودّد
shriek /ʃriːk verb
1 to give a sudden scream in a high voice
She shrieked in fright.
The children were shrieking with laughter.
يزعق ،يصرخ
2 to scream sth in a high voice
‘Stop it!’ he shrieked.
يصرخ
shriek noun
She gave a loud shriek of pain.
صرخة ،زعقة
bud /bʌd noun
a small lump on a tree or plant that opens and develops into a flower or leaf .
rosebuds
At this time of year all the trees are in bud (= have buds on them).
بُرْعم
grain1 /ɡreɪn noun
1 the seeds of wheat, rice, etc. as a product
The USA is a major producer of grain.
grain exports
حَبّ (الحنطة أو الرز أو ما يشبه ذلك)
2 a single seed of wheat, rice, etc.
حَبَّة
feast /fiːst noun a large, special meal (sometimes to celebrate sth)
وليمة،مأدبة؛عيد
gang /ɡæŋ noun [C, with sing. or pl. verb]
1 an organized group of criminals
The police are looking for the gang that committed the robbery.
عصابة
2 a group of prisoners, building workers, etc. who work together as a team
فريق ،جماعة
clan /klæn noun [C, with sing. or pl. verb] a group of families who are related to each other, especially in Scotland
عشيرة
pierce /pɪəs verb
1 to make a hole in sth with a sharp point
She has had her ears pierced.
يثقب؛يخترق
2 (used about light or a sound) to be seen or heard suddenly
A scream pierced the air.
يُرى أو يُسمَع فجأة،(صيحة) تخترق أو تشقّ الفضاء
piercing adj
1 (used about the wind, pain, a loud noise, etc.) strong and unpleasant
حادّ،قارس
2 (used about eyes or a look) seeming to know what you are thinking
ثاقب،نافذ
glee /ɡliː noun a feeling of joy or happiness (at sth good that has happened to you or at sth bad that has happened to sb else)
The children laughed with glee at the clown's tricks.
She couldn't hide her glee when her rival came last in the race.
حُبور، غبطة
gleeful /‑fl adj
مبتهج
gleefully /‑fəli adv
بِبَهجة
Premolars one of the large teeth at the back of your mouth
الأسنان الطواحن
furious /ˈfjʊəriəs adj
1 furious (with sb)/(at sth) very angry
He was furious with her for losing the keys.
She was furious at having to catch the train home.
The noun is fury.
هائج،غاضب
2 very strong; violent
A furious row has broken out over the closing of the school.
عنيف
furiously adv
بعنف؛باحتِداد
den /den noun the hidden home of certain wild animals, e.g. lions
عرين
vocal cords the thin bands of muscle in the throat that produce sound .
الحبال الصوتية
antelope /ˈæntɪləʊp noun (pl. antelope or antelopes)
an animal with horns that has long, thin legs, looks like a deer and can run very fast. It is found especially in Africa.
ظبي
Carrion the flesh of dead animals .
بقايا لحم الحيوانات الميتة
reptile /ˈreptaɪl noun an animal, such as a snake or a crocodile, that has a scaly skin, is cold-blooded and lays eggs
حيوان من الزواحف
engine /ˈendʒɪn noun the part of a machine that changes energy (from oil, electricity, etc.) into movement
This engine runs on diesel.
a car engine
a jet engine
Look at the note at motor.
محرِّك
wail /weɪl verb to cry or complain in a loud, high voice
the sound of children wailing
‘Won't somebody help me?’ she wailed.
ينتحب؛يندب
wail noun a loud cry of pain or sadness; a sound similar to this
the wails of a child
the wail of sirens
نحيب؛عويل
mournful /‑fl adj sad
a mournful song
حزين ،نائح ،شجيّ
swamp /swɒmp noun (an area of) soft wet land
مستنقع،سَبخة
snout /snaʊt noun the long nose of certain animals.
bellow /ˈbeləʊ verb
1 to make a deep low sound, like a bull
يخور ،يجأر
2 to shout in a loud deep voice
يجأر ؛يصرخ
violent /ˈvaɪələnt adj
1 using physical strength, often in an uncontrolled way, to hurt or kill sb; caused by this behaviour
a violent man, who abused his children
عنيف
2 very strong; uncontrolled
He has a violent temper.
a violent storm
حادّ؛شديد،أهوج
violence /‑əns noun
عُنْف و شِدّة
violently adv
بعنف
hatch /hætʃ verb
1 hatch (out) (used about a baby bird, insect, fish, etc.) to come out of an egg
يخرج من البيضة
2 to make a baby bird, etc. come out of an egg
يفقّس
3 (used about an egg)to break open and allow the baby bird, etc. inside to get out
يفقس
cradle /ˈkreɪdl noun a small bed for a baby. Cradles can often be moved from side to side.
مَهْد
nestle /ˈnesl verb to move yourself or a part of your body into a comfortable position, against a person or sth soft
The child nestled up against his mother and fell asleep.
The baby nestled her head on her mother's shoulder.
يَستكنّ ؛يحضن ؛يؤوي
scavenge /ˈskævɪndʒ verb to look for food, etc. among waste and rubbish
يبحث عن الطعام (وغيره) بين القُمامة
scavenger noun a person or animal that scavenges
الباحث عن الطعام (وغيره) بين القُمامة،قمّام
endanger /ɪnˈdeɪndʒə(r) verb to cause danger to sb/sth
Smoking endangers your health.
يعرِّض للخطر
endangered adj (used about animals, plants, etc.) in danger of disappearing from the world (becoming extinct)
The panda is an endangered species.
معرَّض للانقراض
inhabitant /‑ənt noun a person or animal that lives in a place
How many inhabitants has Paris got?
The local inhabitants protested at the plans for a new motorway.
ساكن ،قاطن
***When you want to know how many people live in a particular place, you say
What is the population of…? Not How many inhabitants are there in…?.
However, when you answer this question you can say
The population is 10 000. Or It has 10 000 inhabitants.
soar /sɔː(r) verb to fly high in the air
There were sea birds soaring overhead.
يحلِّق
carcass /ˈkɑːkəs noun the dead body of an animal
Look at corpse.
جُثَّة (الحيوان)
flake /fleɪk noun a small thin piece of sth
snowflakes
cornflakes
نُدفة (ثلج)، رَقيقة صغيرة
flake verb flake (off) to come off in flakes
My skin is very dry – it's beginning to flake (off).
يتقشّر
beak /biːk noun the hard pointed part of a bird's mouth
مِنْقار
swallow1 /ˈswɒləʊ verb to make food, drink, etc. pass from your mouth down your throat
It's easier to swallow pills if you take them with water.
يبلع،يبتلع
presence /ˈprezns noun being in a place or with sb
He apologized to her in the presence of the whole family.
حضور،وجود
tusk /tʌsk noun one of the two very long pointed teeth of an elephant, etc.
Note : Elephants' tusks are made of ivory.
ناب (الفيل مثلاً)